Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction
(February 6, 2016)
The city is an important carrier of economic and social development and people's production and life, and a symbol of modern civilization. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, my country’s urban planning and construction management has achieved remarkable results. Urban planning laws and regulations and implementation mechanisms have basically taken shape. Infrastructure has been significantly improved. Public services and management levels have continued to improve. It is promoting economic and social development and optimizing urban-rural layout. It has played an important role in improving urban functions and enhancing people’s livelihood and welfare. At the same time, we must be soberly aware that there are still some outstanding problems in urban planning and construction management: urban planning is not sufficiently forward-looking, serious, compulsory, and open, urban architecture is greedy, charming, strange, and other chaos, and features are lacking. , Cultural heritage is worrying; urban construction blindly pursues scale expansion, and the degree of conservation and intensiveness is not high; urban governance is not strong enough, illegal construction, major demolition and construction problems are prominent, insufficient supply of public products and services, environmental pollution, traffic congestion and other "urban diseases" "The spread has increased.
Actively adapt to and lead the new normal of economic development, and plan, build, and manage the city well, which will help promote the development of a new type of urbanization with people at the core, build a beautiful China, and realize the "two centenary" goals and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation China’s dream has important practical and profound historical significance. In order to further strengthen and improve urban planning and construction management, resolve outstanding contradictions and deep-seated problems that restrict the scientific development of cities, and create a new situation in urban modernization, the following opinions are hereby put forward.
1. General requirements
(1) Guiding ideology. Fully implement the spirit of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the Eighteenth Central Committee, the Central Urbanization Work Conference, and the Central City Work Conference, and thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of important speeches, and follow the “five in one” overall Layout and the “four comprehensive” strategic layout, firmly establish and implement the innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development concept, recognize, respect, and conform to the law of urban development, better play the leading and standard role of the rule of law, and plan and implement Construct and manage cities, implement the architectural policy of "applicable, economical, green and beautiful", focus on transforming the urban development mode, focus on shaping the characteristics of the city, focus on improving the quality of the city environment, focus on innovating city management services, and blaze a trail for city development with Chinese characteristics .
(2) The overall goal. Realize the orderly construction, moderate development, and efficient operation of the city, and strive to build a modern city that is harmonious, livable, full of vitality, and distinctive features to make people's lives better.
(3) Basic principles. Adhere to the combination of legal governance and civilized joint construction, adhere to the combination of planning first with equal emphasis on construction and management, adhere to the combination of reform and innovation with inheritance protection, adhere to the combination of overall planning and classification guidance, adhere to the combination of improved functions and livable and suitable for business, adhere to Combine intensive efficiency with safety and convenience.
2. Strengthen urban planning
(4) Formulate city plans according to law. Urban planning plays an important role of strategic guidance and rigid control in urban development. Strengthen planning preparation and approval management in accordance with the law, strictly implement the principles and procedures stipulated in the Urban and Rural Planning Law, and earnestly implement the relevant provisions of the city's overall planning preparation by the government at the same level, public participation, deliberation by the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at the same level, and approval by the higher-level government. Innovate planning concepts, improve planning methods, integrate people-oriented, respect for nature, heritage, green and low-carbon concepts into the whole process of urban planning, enhance the foresight, seriousness and continuity of planning, and achieve a blueprint to the end. Adhere to the concept of coordinated development, determine the city's positioning and plan urban development from the height of the overall coordination of regions, urban and rural areas. Strengthen the control of space development, delimit the boundaries of urban development, guide and regulate the scale of cities based on resource endowments and environmental carrying capacity, optimize urban spatial layout and form functions, and determine binding indicators for urban construction. In accordance with the idea of strictly controlling increments, revitalizing the stock, and optimizing the structure, gradually adjust the urban land structure, prioritize the protection of basic farmland, ensure ecological land, rationally arrange construction land, and promote urban intensive development. Reform and improve the urban planning management system, strengthen the connection between the overall urban planning and the overall land use planning, and promote the integration of the two plans. Explore the integration of urban planning management and land and resources management departments in cities where conditions permit.
(5) Strictly implement the plan according to law. Urban planning approved in accordance with law is the basis for urban construction and management and must be strictly implemented. To further strengthen the compulsory planning, all violations of the planning must be held accountable. The city government shall regularly report the implementation of the city planning to the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level. The revision of the overall city plan must be approved by the original examination and approval authority and submitted to the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level for deliberation and approval, so as to prevent arbitrary revision of the plan from the system. The detailed regulatory plan is the basis for the implementation of the plan, and the area without a detailed regulatory plan shall not be constructed. The preparation and implementation of regulatory detailed plans and the results of handling violations of regulations must be made public. Fully implement the urban planning committee system. Improve the national urban and rural planning inspector system to achieve full coverage of planning inspections. Improve the social participation mechanism, give full play to the power of experts and the public, and strengthen social supervision of the implementation of the plan. Establish a working mechanism to jointly supervise the implementation of the plan using satellite remote sensing monitoring and other means. Strictly control the establishment of various development zones and new urban areas. Any construction that does not conform to the urban system planning, urban overall planning, and overall land use planning will be handled as illegal. It will take about five years to comprehensively investigate and deal with illegal construction in built-up areas, and resolutely curb new illegal construction.
3. Shaping the characteristics of the city
(6) Improve the level of urban design. Urban design is an effective means to implement urban planning, guide architectural design, and shape urban characteristics. Encourage the development of urban design work. Through urban design, the layout of urban buildings will be coordinated from the overall plane and three-dimensional space, and the urban landscape will be coordinated to reflect the city's regional characteristics, national characteristics and contemporary style. The single building design plan must meet the urban design requirements in terms of shape, color, volume, and height. Promptly formulate urban design management regulations and improve relevant technical guidelines. Support institutions of higher learning to set up majors related to urban design, and establish and cultivate urban design teams.
(7) Strengthen the management of architectural design. In accordance with the building policy of “applicable, economical, green, and beautiful”, highlight the use of building functions, as well as energy conservation, water conservation, land conservation, material conservation and environmental protection, and prevent one-sided pursuit of the appearance of the building. Strengthen the design management of public buildings and over-limit high-rise buildings, and establish a post-evaluation system for large public construction projects. Adhere to the concept of open development, improve the decision-making mechanism of architectural design bidding, standardize decision-making behavior, and improve the transparency and scientific nature of decision-making. Further cultivate and standardize the architectural design market, and strictly implement market access and clearance in accordance with the law. Create more favorable conditions for the development of architectural design institutes and architect offices, encourage domestic and foreign architectural design companies to fully compete to make outstanding works stand out. Cultivate a team of architects with both an international perspective and national confidence, further clarify the rights and responsibilities of architects, and improve the status of architects. Advocate the development of architectural reviews and promote the integration and sublimation of architectural design concepts.
(8) Protect historical and cultural features. The orderly implementation of urban remediation and organic renewal will solve the problems of deterioration of the environmental quality of the old city, chaotic spatial order, and damage to historical and cultural heritage, and promote a more harmonious and beautiful environment of buildings, street facades, skylines, colors and environments. The functions and vitality of the old city can be restored by maintaining and strengthening old buildings, renovating and utilizing old factories, and improving infrastructure. Strengthen the protection, inheritance and rational use of cultural heritage, protect ancient ruins, ancient buildings, and modern historical buildings, better continue the historical context, and show the urban style. It will take about 5 years to complete the delimitation of all urban historical and cultural blocks and the determination of historical buildings.
Fourth, improve the level of urban construction
(9) Implement project quality responsibility. Improve the project quality and safety management system, and implement the five-party quality and safety responsibilities of construction units, survey units, design units, construction units and project supervision units. Strengthen the government's quality supervision over the entire process of project construction, especially the supervision of project supervision, and give full play to the role of the quality supervision station. Strengthen professional ethics and skills training to improve the quality of employees. Deepen the reform of the organization and implementation of construction projects, promote the general contracting system, strengthen the supervision of the construction market, severely investigate and deal with subcontracting and illegal subcontracting, and promote the construction of a credit system for the construction market. Implement bank guarantees and engineering quality liability insurance systems for construction companies. Establish a large-scale engineering technology risk control mechanism, and encourage large-scale public buildings and subways to insure major engineering insurance from insurance companies in accordance with market principles.
(10) Strengthen construction safety supervision. Implement project life-cycle risk management, focus on safety supervision for the operation and use of housing construction, urban bridges, building curtain walls, slopes (high-cut slopes), tunnels (subway), underground pipelines, etc., and do a good job in quality safety appraisal and seismic reinforcement Management and establishment of safety early warning and emergency control mechanisms. Strengthen the quality and safety supervision of existing building renovation and expansion, decoration and renovation, and project reinforcement. Comprehensively investigate the hidden dangers of the old buildings in the city, take effective measures to rectify within a time limit, take strict measures to prevent major accidents such as collapses, and protect the people's lives and property.
(11) Develop new construction methods. Vigorously promote prefabricated buildings, reduce construction waste and dust pollution, shorten construction period, and improve project quality. Formulate specifications for the design, construction and acceptance of prefabricated buildings. Improve the standards of parts and components, and realize the factory production of construction parts and components. Encourage construction enterprises to prefabricated construction and on-site assembly. Build a national prefabricated construction production base. Increase policy support, and strive to use about 10 years to make prefabricated buildings account for 30% of new buildings. Actively and steadily promote steel structure buildings. Where conditions are available, advocate the development of modern wood structure buildings.
5. Promote the construction of energy-saving cities
(12) Promote building energy-saving technologies. Improve building energy efficiency standards and promote green buildings and building materials. Support and encourage localities to promote the application of new energy technologies such as ground-source heat pumps, water-source heat pumps, and solar power generation based on the characteristics of natural climates, and develop green energy-saving buildings such as passive houses. Improve the evaluation system of green energy-saving buildings and building materials, and formulate standards for the application of distributed energy buildings. To classify and formulate standards for energy consumption throughout the life cycle of buildings.
(13) Implement urban energy saving projects. On the basis of pilot demonstrations, we will intensify our efforts to comprehensively promote energy-saving projects such as regional combined heat and power, energy-saving government agencies, and green lighting. Clarify the technical requirements for the safety, energy conservation, environmental protection, and sanitation of the heating system, and improve the service quality standards and evaluation and supervision methods. Further strengthen the technical transformation and operation management of the urban central heating system to improve the efficiency of heat energy utilization. We will vigorously promote household heating metering for residential heating in heating areas. All newly-built houses must realize household heating metering, and existing residential buildings must gradually implement household heating metering transformation.
6. Improve urban public services
(14) Vigorously promote shed reform and settlement. Deepen the reform of the urban housing system, with the government as the mainstay to guarantee the basic housing needs of the disadvantaged groups, and the market as the mainstay to meet the multi-level housing needs of residents. Vigorously promote the transformation of urban shanty towns, steadily implement the transformation of urban villages, orderly promote the comprehensive renovation of old residential quarters, the transformation of dilapidated houses and non-complete housing, accelerate the construction of supporting infrastructure, and effectively solve the housing difficulties of the people. The three-year battle for shantytown reconstruction will be completed. By 2020, the existing urban shantytowns, urban villages and dilapidated houses will be basically completed. Improve land, fiscal and financial policies, and implement taxation policies. Innovate the shantytown transformation system and mechanism, promote the government to purchase shed reform services, promote the cooperation model between the government and social capital, build a diversified shantytown reform implementation body, and give play to the role of development financial support. Actively promote the monetization of shantytown reconstruction. Determine housing security standards according to local conditions, and improve access and exit mechanisms.
(15) Construction of underground comprehensive pipe gallery. Earnestly summarize and promote the experience of pilot cities, gradually promote the construction of urban underground comprehensive pipe corridors, coordinate the laying of various pipelines, comprehensively utilize underground space resources, and improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of the city. Newly built roads in new urban areas, various parks, and development areas must simultaneously construct underground comprehensive pipeline corridors. The old urban areas must integrate subway construction, river improvement, road improvement, old city renewal, and shantytown reconstruction, and gradually promote the construction of underground comprehensive pipeline corridors. . Speed up the formulation of standards and technical guidelines for the construction of underground comprehensive pipe corridors. Where there is an underground comprehensive pipeline gallery, all kinds of pipelines must enter the gallery, and no new pipelines shall be built outside the pipeline gallery. The pipe gallery shall be used for a fee and a reasonable charging mechanism shall be established. Encourage social capital investment and operation of underground comprehensive pipe corridors. Cities should comprehensively consider their urban development prospects and, in accordance with the principle of planning first and construction later, formulate special plans for the construction of underground comprehensive pipeline corridors, prioritize arrangements in the annual construction plan, and reserve and control underground space. Improve the management system to ensure the normal operation of the pipe gallery.
(16) Optimize the road network structure of the block. Strengthen the planning and construction of blocks, clarify the area of new blocks in steps, and promote the development of open and convenient living blocks with suitable scales, complete supporting facilities and harmonious neighborhoods. The block system should be promoted when building new houses, and in principle, closed residential communities will no longer be built. Residential districts and unit courtyards that have been built should be gradually opened to realize the publicization of internal roads, solve the problem of traffic network layout, and promote the economical use of land. Establish the urban road layout concept of "narrow roads and dense road network", and build a road network system with reasonable grading of expressways, main and secondary roads and branch roads. Open up all kinds of "broken roads", form a complete road network, and improve road accessibility. Scientifically and standardized establishment of road traffic safety facilities and traffic management facilities to improve road safety. By 2020, the average road network density in urban built-up areas will increase to 8 kilometers per square kilometer, and the road area rate will reach 15%. Actively adopt one-way roads to organize traffic. Strengthen the construction of bicycle lanes and walking path systems, and advocate green travel. Reasonably allocate parking facilities, encourage social participation, relax market access, and gradually alleviate parking difficulties.
(17) Give priority to the development of public transportation. To increase the share rate of public transportation is a breakthrough to ease urban traffic pressure. The coordinated development of multiple types of public transportation such as buses, light rails, and subways will be coordinated. By 2020, the public transportation sharing rate of super-large and mega-cities will reach more than 40%, large cities will reach more than 30%, and small and medium-sized cities will reach more than 20%. Strengthen the construction of urban comprehensive transportation hubs, and promote the smooth connection and convenient transfer between different modes of transportation and the traffic inside and outside the city. Expand the coverage of public transportation lanes. Achieve full coverage within 500 meters of bus stations in the central city. Introduce a market competition mechanism, reform the management system of public transportation companies, encourage social capital to participate in the construction and operation of public transportation facilities, and enhance public transportation capacity.
(18) Improve public service facilities. Adhere to the concept of shared development, so that the people have more sense of gain in joint construction and sharing. Reasonably determine the standards for the construction of public service facilities, strengthen the construction of community service places, and form a network system of public service facilities based on community-level facilities and connecting supporting facilities at the city and district levels. Supporting the construction of primary and secondary schools, kindergartens, supermarkets, vegetable markets, as well as community pension, medical and health, cultural services and other facilities, vigorously promote the construction of barrier-free facilities, and create a convenient and fast living circle. Continue to promote the free opening of public libraries, art galleries, cultural centers (stations), museums, and science and technology museums to the whole society. Promote the opening of public facilities in the community to residents. Reasonably plan and construct squares, parks, walking paths and other public activity spaces to facilitate residents' cultural and sports activities and promote residents' exchanges. Strengthen green space to serve residents' daily life
